India's space program marked a series of significant achievements in March 2025, as the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully executed three critical operations. From a landmark in-orbit maneuver with the SPADEX satellite duo to advancements in cryogenic engine testing, these accomplishments highlight India's growing expertise and self-reliance in space technology.
Successful Undocking of SPADEX Satellites
On March 13, ISRO successfully undocked its SPADEX satellites on the first attempt, carrying out the maneuver in a 460 km circular orbit with a 45-degree inclination. The satellites, which had remained docked since January 16, are now functioning independently, with all systems operating smoothly.
This mission was designed to demonstrate crucial space capabilities, including rendezvous, docking, and controlled separation of satellites in orbit. The success of the operation was made possible by extensive ground simulations and testing, which helped ISRO identify an optimal operational window between March 10 and March 25. Ground stations in Bengaluru, Lucknow, and Mauritius played a vital role in monitoring the process.
"ISRO has now successfully demonstrated space docking technology using two small satellites. It is a cost-effective experiment through which India has achieved space rendezvous, docking, and post-docking control technologies," the agency stated. This milestone strengthens India's position in space technology, paving the way for future missions, including human spaceflight and on-orbit satellite servicing.
Advances in Cryogenic Engine Testing
A day after the SPADEX success, ISRO achieved another major breakthrough with the flight acceptance hot test of its CE20 cryogenic engine on March 14. Conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, the test ran for 100 seconds—significantly longer than previous tests, which were limited to 25 seconds under vacuum conditions.
The extended test duration was enabled by a newly developed Nozzle Protection System, allowing the engine to be tested under non-vacuum conditions. The CE20 engine's performance closely matched expected parameters, confirming its readiness to power the Cryogenic Upper Stage of the upcoming LVM3-M6 mission, scheduled for the latter half of 2025.
Cryogenic Upper Stage Dispatched for Commercial Mission
Adding to its momentum, ISRO dispatched the Cryogenic Upper Stage (C25) for the LVM3-M5 mission to Sriharikota on March 15. The stage, integrated at Mahendragiri, is equipped with the CE20 engine and holds 28.5 tonnes of propellant. It will play a crucial role in launching a commercial satellite for AST and Science, LLC under a contract with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL).
This development underscores India's expanding role in global commercial space services, as ISRO continues to secure international satellite launch deals. Together, these achievements reaffirm ISRO’s commitment to technological innovation, self-sufficiency, and commercial growth in space exploration.
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